How do restaurants get chicken so tender?

Achieving tender chicken is a hallmark of many successful restaurants, and it involves a combination of techniques that can be applied at home. Restaurants use methods such as brining, marinating, using tenderizers, and precise cooking techniques to ensure their chicken is juicy and tender. Here’s a detailed look at these processes:

1. Brining

Brining is a common technique where chicken is soaked in a solution of water, salt, and sometimes sugar and other seasonings. This process works through osmosis, allowing the chicken to absorb the brine, which helps to break down muscle fibres and enhance moisture retention.

• Salt and Water Solution: The basic brine solution is 1 cup of salt per gallon of water. The salt in the brine disrupts the protein structure in the meat, causing it to relax and absorb water.
• Additional Ingredients: Sugar, herbs, spices, and aromatics can be added to the brine for additional flavour.
• Duration: Brining time varies from 30 minutes to a few hours, depending on the size of the chicken pieces. Whole chickens might require longer brining times, up to 24 hours.

2. Marinating

Marinating involves soaking the chicken in a mixture of oil, acid (like lemon juice or vinegar), and seasonings. This not only adds flavour but can also tenderize the meat.

• Acidic Components: Ingredients like lemon juice, vinegar, or yogurt break down proteins and tenderize the chicken.
• Enzymatic Ingredients: Certain fruits like papaya, pineapple, and kiwi contain enzymes (papain, bromelain, and actinidin, respectively) that can tenderize meat.
• Duration: Marinating times can range from 30 minutes to overnight, depending on the ingredients and desired flavour intensity.

3. Using Tenderizers

Restaurants sometimes use commercial meat tenderizers, which are usually made from natural enzymes derived from fruits like papaya and pineapple.

• Application: These tenderizers are sprinkled on the chicken and allowed to sit for a specified period before cooking. They break down the protein fibres, making the meat softer.
• Natural Alternatives: Fresh papaya or pineapple purees can be used as natural tenderizers.

4. Cooking Techniques

The way chicken is cooked greatly influences its tenderness. Restaurants often employ specific cooking methods and temperature controls to achieve the best results.

a. Low and Slow Cooking

• Sous Vide: This technique involves vacuum-sealing the chicken and cooking it in a water bath at a precise, low temperature. This ensures even cooking and retains moisture.
• Slow Cooking: Using slow cookers or low oven temperatures can help break down tough muscle fibres over time.

b. High Heat Methods

• Grilling and Broiling: Quick cooking methods like grilling and broiling can sear the outside of the chicken while keeping the inside moist if done correctly.
• Searing: Pan-searing chicken at high heat for a short time followed by finishing it in the oven can create a crispy exterior while keeping the interior tender.

c. Moist Heat Methods

• Poaching: Cooking chicken gently in water or broth at a low simmer helps keep it moist and tender.
• Braising: Cooking chicken slowly in a small amount of liquid (such as wine, broth, or sauce) not only infuses it with flavour but also tenderizes it.

5. Resting Period

Allowing chicken to rest after cooking is crucial for retaining its juices. When chicken is cooked, the juices are driven to the centre of the meat. Resting allows these juices to redistribute throughout the meat, making it more tender and juicy.

• Resting Time: Typically, 5-10 minutes is sufficient for smaller cuts, while larger pieces like whole chickens may need 15-20 minutes.

6. Using Dark Meat

Restaurants often use dark meat (thighs and drumsticks) in dishes requiring extra tenderness. Dark meat has more fat and connective tissue, which breaks down during cooking, resulting in a more tender product compared to white meat (breasts).

7. Cutting Techniques

How chicken is cut can also affect its tenderness. Slicing against the grain helps to break up the muscle fibres, making each bite easier to chew.

8. Quality of Chicken

Lastly, the quality of the chicken itself matters. Restaurants often source high-quality, fresh chicken, which tends to be more tender than frozen or lower-quality options.

By utilizing techniques like brining, marinating, using tenderizers, and employing precise cooking methods, restaurants can serve consistently tender chicken. These methods can be replicated at home to achieve similarly delicious results. Experimenting with different techniques and ingredients will help you find the perfect method to make your chicken tender and flavourful.

Source: Some or all of the content was generated using an AI language model

The 411 - Sitting For Long Hours is the Worst

 

Prolonged sitting has been associated with various health concerns, and many experts agree that sitting for long hours can have negative effects on physical and mental well-being. Here are some reasons why sitting for extended periods is considered detrimental:

1. Increased Risk of Health Conditions:

   • Cardiovascular Issues: Sitting for long periods has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, including heart disease and blood clots.
   • Obesity: Sedentary behaviour is a risk factor for obesity. Lack of physical activity can contribute to weight gain and metabolic dysfunction.

2. Muscle and Joint Problems:

   • Back Pain: Prolonged sitting can contribute to poor posture and strain on the lower back, leading to chronic back pain.
   • Muscle Atrophy: Sitting for long hours may lead to weakening and atrophy of the muscles, particularly in the legs and core.

3. Metabolic Impact:

   • Insulin Resistance: Lack of movement can contribute to insulin resistance, which is a precursor to type 2 diabetes.
   • Poor Circulation: Sitting for extended periods may lead to reduced blood flow and circulation, affecting overall metabolic function.

4. Mental Health Effects:

   • Increased Stress and Anxiety: Sedentary behaviour has been associated with increased stress and anxiety levels. Physical activity is known to have positive effects on mental health.
   • Reduced Cognitive Function: Prolonged sitting may impact cognitive function and contribute to mental fatigue.

5. Increased Risk of Certain Cancers:

   • Some studies suggest that prolonged sitting may be associated with an increased risk of certain types of cancers, such as colorectal and endometrial cancers.

6. Impact on Posture and Spinal Health:

   • Sitting for long periods may contribute to poor posture, leading to issues such as forward head posture and rounded shoulders. This can affect spinal health over time.

7. Reduced Lifespan:

   • Several studies have suggested a correlation between sedentary behaviour and a shorter lifespan. Lack of physical activity is associated with an increased risk of premature death.

8. Eye Strain and Digital Fatigue:

   • With the rise of desk jobs and increased screen time, prolonged sitting can contribute to eye strain, digital fatigue, and other issues related to extended periods of focused visual attention.

To mitigate the negative effects of prolonged sitting, consider incorporating the following habits into your daily routine:

• Take Breaks: Stand up, stretch, and move around at least once every hour.
• Use Standing Desks: If possible, use a standing desk to alternate between sitting and standing throughout the day.
• Incorporate Physical Activity: Engage in regular physical activity, such as walking, jogging, or exercising, to counteract the effects of prolonged sitting.
• Maintain Good Posture: Be mindful of your posture while sitting, and consider ergonomic adjustments to your workspace.
• Stay Hydrated: Drinking enough water encourages regular breaks and helps support overall health.
• Set Timers or Reminders: Use timers or reminders to prompt breaks and movement throughout the day.

Ultimately, adopting a lifestyle that includes regular physical activity, breaks from prolonged sitting, and a focus on overall well-being can contribute to a healthier and more balanced life. If you have specific health concerns or conditions, it's important to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice.

Source: Some or all of the content was generated using an AI language model

FYI - Popular medications for men

There are several medications that are commonly prescribed for various health conditions affecting men. These medications can address a range of issues, from erectile dysfunction and prostate problems to cardiovascular health and hormonal imbalances. It's important to note that this information is not a substitute for professional medical advice, and individuals should always consult with their healthcare providers before starting or changing any medication regimen.

Erectile Dysfunction Medications:

1. Sildenafil (Viagra):

   • Sildenafil is a well-known medication for treating erectile dysfunction (ED).

2. Tadalafil (Cialis):

   • Similar to sildenafil, tadalafil is used to treat ED by improving blood flow. What sets it apart is its longer duration of action, allowing for a more extended window of opportunity for sexual activity. It can be taken as needed or in a lower daily dose for continuous benefit.

3. Vardenafil (Levitra):

   • Vardenafil is another phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor like sildenafil and tadalafil. It works by relaxing the muscles in the walls of blood vessels, enhancing blood flow to certain areas.

Prostate Health Medications:

1. Finasteride (Propecia, Proscar):

   • Finasteride is commonly used for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and male pattern baldness. It inhibits the action of the hormone dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which is involved in the enlargement of the prostate.

2. Doxazosin (Cardura):

   • Doxazosin belongs to a class of medications called alpha-blockers, and it is often prescribed to manage symptoms of BPH. It helps relax the muscles in the prostate and bladder neck, making it easier for urine to flow.

Cardiovascular Medications:

1. Statins (e.g., Atorvastatin, Simvastatin):

   • Statins are commonly prescribed for managing high cholesterol levels. High cholesterol is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, which affects men more frequently than women. Statins work by inhibiting the production of cholesterol in the liver.

2. Beta-Blockers (e.g., Metoprolol, Atenolol):

   • Beta-blockers are often used to treat conditions such as hypertension (high blood pressure) and certain cardiovascular conditions. They work by blocking the effects of adrenaline, reducing heart rate and blood pressure.

Hormone Replacement Therapy:

1. Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT):
   • TRT may be prescribed to men with low testosterone levels, a condition known as hypogonadism. Testosterone plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, including muscle development, bone density, and libido.

Hair Loss Medications:

1. Minoxidil (Rogaine):
   • Minoxidil is an over-the-counter medication used to promote hair growth. It is often used to treat male-pattern baldness by widening blood vessels and opening potassium channels, which can stimulate hair growth.

Antidepressants:

1. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs):
   • While not exclusively for men, SSRIs like sertraline and fluoxetine are commonly prescribed for depression and anxiety disorders. Mental health is a crucial aspect of overall well-being, and these medications can be beneficial for both men and women.

It's essential to emphasize that medications should be taken under the guidance and supervision of a healthcare professional. Each individual's health condition is unique, and a healthcare provider can determine the most appropriate treatment plan based on a thorough assessment of the patient's medical history, symptoms, and potential interactions with other medications.

In conclusion, medications play a significant role in addressing various health concerns that may affect men, from erectile dysfunction to cardiovascular issues and beyond. Regular health check-ups, open communication with healthcare providers, and a commitment to a healthy lifestyle are essential components of maintaining overall well-being.

Source: Some or all of the content was generated using an AI language model

Return to Ashbrook - Chapter Four: The Circle

I didn’t remember opening the car door, but suddenly I was outside, my breath spilling into the fog. The line of figures stood silently across Main Street, their pale faces glowing faintly in the headlights. Not a single one moved. Not until I took a step forward.

Then they all tilted their heads, in perfect unison.

The hum returned, low and vibrating, coming not from the ground this time but from them. My bones shook with it. I tried to turn, to run back to the car, but my body wouldn’t obey. My legs moved on their own, carrying me toward the circle that had formed in the town square.

The fountain was just as I remembered—cracked, dry, choked with moss. The crowd parted silently to let me through. And when I reached the centre, I saw it: a shape rising from the fountain’s basin.

It wasn’t stone. It wasn’t metal. It pulsed, like living flesh, twisting slowly in the air as though it breathed.

My parents stood closest. Their smiles stretched impossibly wide, eyes glassy and white. My mother’s lips moved, but the words came not from her mouth—they came from all of them, every face surrounding me, layered into one voice:

“Ashbrook accepts you.”

The pulsing mass shifted, and I saw something move beneath its translucent surface. A hand pressed outward, straining against the membrane, followed by another. Dozens of them. Tiny, pale hands clawing, reaching, scratching to get free.

Children’s voices echoed inside my head. Some I recognised. Some I didn’t. They screamed, but not in pain. It was joy. They wanted me there.

The air thickened, and I felt the ground tilt beneath me. My knees buckled. The fountain’s flesh-like surface opened, splitting into a dark maw, and a stench rolled out that made my eyes burn.

I tried to scream, but nothing came out. My mother stepped closer, her grin trembling with excitement, and whispered directly into my ear:

“It’s your turn.”

Hands erupted from the pit, dozens of them, wrapping around my arms, my legs, dragging me down. The last thing I saw before the dark closed over me was every face leaning closer, watching, smiling, as if I were the final piece they’d been waiting for.

Source: Some or all of the content was generated using an AI language model

How Can We Halt the Erosion of Western Civilization at the Hands of the Elite?

The idea that Western civilization is eroding at the hands of the elite is a complex and often debated topic. It's important to note that perspectives on this issue can vary widely, and there is no single solution. However, here are some general suggestions that people often consider when discussing the preservation or improvement of Western civilization:

1. Education and Critical Thinking:

   • Promote education that encourages critical thinking, a thorough understanding of history, and an appreciation for diverse perspectives. A well-informed and critical citizenry is essential for a healthy democracy.

2. Civic Engagement:

   • Encourage active participation in civic life, including voting, community involvement, and advocacy. Engaged citizens can influence political decisions and hold those in power accountable.

3. Media Literacy:

   • Foster media literacy to help people discern reliable information from misinformation. A well-informed public is less susceptible to manipulation.

4. Promote Inclusivity and Diversity:

   • Advocate for policies and practices that promote inclusivity and diversity, acknowledging that a rich and vibrant society is built on the contributions of people from various backgrounds.

5. Economic Equality:

   • Address economic disparities and promote policies that reduce income inequality. A fair and inclusive economy can contribute to social stability.

6. Transparent Governance:

   • Encourage transparency and accountability in governance. Holding leaders accountable for their actions helps build trust in institutions.

7. Environmental Stewardship:

   • Recognize the importance of environmental sustainability. A healthy environment is fundamental to the well-being of any civilization.

8. Promote Dialogue:

   • Encourage open and respectful dialogue between different social, political, and cultural groups. Finding common ground and understanding diverse perspectives can foster social cohesion.

9. Promote Innovation and Technology:

   • Invest in innovation and technology to address societal challenges. Scientific advancements and technological progress can improve the overall well-being of a civilization.

10. Global Cooperation:

    • Recognize the interconnectedness of the world and promote international cooperation. Global challenges, such as climate change and pandemics, require collaborative efforts.

It's important to approach these issues with a nuanced understanding, acknowledging that there may be differing opinions on what constitutes erosion and who the "elite" are. Additionally, engaging in constructive and informed discussions with others who may have different perspectives can contribute to a more comprehensive and inclusive approach to addressing societal challenges.

Source: Some or all of the content was generated using an AI language model

Math ≠ Truth

One classic example where math and common sense may seem to give different answers is the "Monty Hall Problem." The scenario is often presented as a game show situation. Here's a brief explanation:

Monty Hall Problem:

1. Setup:

   • You are a contestant on a game show. There are three doors (Door A, Door B, and Door C). Behind two of the doors, there are goats, and behind one door, there is a car.

2. Your Choice:

   • You choose one of the doors, say Door A.

3. Host's Action:

   • The host, who knows what's behind each door, opens another door, let's say Door B, revealing a goat.

4. Decision Point:

   • Now, the host gives you a choice: stick with your original choice (Door A) or switch to the remaining unopened door (Door C).

Common Sense Intuition:

• Intuitively, some people might think that, after the host reveals a goat behind Door B, the chances are now 50/50, and there's no advantage to switching. They might believe that the car is equally likely to be behind Door A or Door C.

Mathematical Solution:

• Mathematically, it is more advantageous to switch. When you initially choose a door, there's a 1/3 chance that the car is behind your chosen door (Door A) and a 2/3 chance that it's behind one of the other doors (Door B or Door C). When the host opens Door B, revealing a goat, the probability distribution doesn't change. The 2/3 chance is now concentrated on the unopened Door C. So, switching gives you a higher probability (2/3) of winning the car compared to sticking with your initial choice (1/3).

Conclusion:

While common sense might suggest that the chances are 50/50 after the host reveals a goat, the mathematical analysis demonstrates that switching doors increases the probability of winning. This scenario illustrates how probability calculations can sometimes contradict our intuitive judgments, highlighting the importance of mathematical reasoning in certain situations.

Source: Some or all of the content was generated using an AI language model

"Good Morning Starshine"

"Good Morning Starshine" is a song from the 1967 musical "Hair." Here are some key points about the song:

1. Origin: The song is part of the musical "Hair," which was a groundbreaking rock musical that addressed various social issues of the 1960s, including the anti-war movement and the counterculture.

2. Context in the Musical: In "Hair," "Good Morning Starshine" is sung in the second act. The character Sheila sings it along with the tribe (the group of young people in the musical) as a joyful and whimsical morning greeting.

3. Lyrics: The lyrics are known for their playful and somewhat nonsensical nature. They include lines like "Gliddy glub gloopy, nibby nabby noopy, la la la lo lo" which add to the song's carefree and lighthearted feel.

4. Chart Success: The song became popular outside of the musical and was released as a single by various artists. The most notable version was by singer Oliver, which became a hit in 1969, reaching No. 3 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the United States.

5. Cultural Impact: "Good Morning Starshine" is often associated with the peace and love ethos of the 1960s and has been covered by numerous artists. Its catchy and uplifting melody has made it a memorable and enduring song from that era.

Source: Some or all of the content was generated using an AI language model

FYI - What it feels like to have MTF surgery

Gender-affirming surgeries, including Male-to-Female (MTF) surgeries, are significant and personal experiences that vary from person to person. The decision to undergo MTF surgery is a complex and individual one, often influenced by a person's gender identity, dysphoria, and personal journey. It's important to note that experiences and feelings related to MTF surgery are diverse, and individuals may have different emotional and physical responses. Here is a general overview of what some individuals might experience:

Emotional Journey:

1. Anticipation and Anxiety:

   • Before the surgery, individuals may experience a mix of anticipation and anxiety. The anticipation is often rooted in the excitement of aligning their physical appearance with their gender identity, while anxiety may stem from concerns about the surgery itself and potential outcomes.

2. Relief and Elation:

   • After the surgery, individuals may experience a profound sense of relief and elation. For many, the surgery is a significant step toward aligning their body with their gender identity, potentially alleviating gender dysphoria.

3. Mixed Emotions:

   • While there may be joy and relief, individuals might also experience mixed emotions. Recovery can be challenging both physically and emotionally, and it's common to navigate a range of feelings during this period.

Physical Experience:

1. Postoperative Pain and Discomfort:

   • MTF surgery involves various procedures, such as genital reconstruction and sometimes additional surgeries like breast augmentation. Postoperative pain and discomfort are typical, and individuals may need time to recover.

2. Swelling and Bruising:

   • Swelling and bruising are common after surgery. This is a normal part of the healing process and generally subsides over time.

3. Healing Process:

   • The healing process varies from person to person. It involves follow-up appointments with medical professionals, wound care, and taking medications as prescribed.

Recovery and Adjustment:

1. Adapting to Changes:

   • Adjusting to the physical changes can take time. Individuals may need to adapt to new sensations, changes in appearance, and the overall impact on their sense of self.

2. Support System:

   • A strong support system is crucial during the recovery period. Friends, family, and support groups can provide emotional support and practical assistance.

Long-Term Reflection:

1. Positive Outcomes:

   • Many individuals who undergo MTF surgery report positive outcomes, including increased self-esteem, improved mental well-being, and a sense of authenticity in their gender identity.

2. Ongoing Journey:

   • Gender affirmation is a lifelong process, and while surgery can be a crucial step, it's just one part of the journey. Individuals may continue to explore and define their gender identity throughout their lives.

Personal Variations:

1. Diverse Experiences:

   • It's important to recognize that every individual's experience is unique. Factors such as age, overall health, and individual circumstances can contribute to variations in emotional and physical responses.

2. Continued Self-Discovery:

   • MTF surgery is part of a broader process of self-discovery and affirmation. Individuals may continue to explore their gender identity and expression as they move forward.

Conclusion:

The experience of MTF surgery is highly individual, and feelings can range from excitement and relief to anxiety and a complex mix of emotions. It's essential for individuals to receive adequate support from healthcare professionals, friends, and family during the entire process. Additionally, respect for each person's unique journey and autonomy is paramount in understanding and supporting individuals who choose to undergo MTF surgery.

Source: Some or all of the content was generated using an AI language model

Q & A: A view on homosexuality...

 We all know where The Wizard stands on this. 

Q: I don’t accept homosexuality, how will your liberalism accept the existence of my view and respect me as a human?  

A: Respecting diverse perspectives and promoting inclusivity are fundamental principles in discussions about differing views on various topics, including sexuality. It's important to recognize that people hold a wide range of beliefs influenced by factors such as culture, religion, and personal experiences. In a liberal and inclusive society, the emphasis is often placed on fostering understanding, dialogue, and tolerance among individuals with different viewpoints.

While liberalism generally advocates for human rights, equality, and inclusivity, it also acknowledges the importance of respecting individual beliefs, as long as they do not infringe upon the rights and well-being of others. Here are some key aspects to consider:

1. Freedom of Thought and Expression:

• Liberal Values: Liberal societies often prioritize freedom of thought and expression. This includes the freedom to hold personal beliefs, even if they differ from prevailing social norms.
• Mutual Respect: Liberals typically support open discussions where individuals can express their views. The goal is to foster understanding, not necessarily agreement.

2. Respecting Differences:

• Diversity of Beliefs: A liberal perspective values diversity, recognizing that people hold a variety of beliefs and perspectives.
• Respectful Dialogue: Engaging in respectful dialogue allows individuals with differing views to better understand each other without necessarily compromising their own beliefs.

3. Human Rights and Equality:

• Equal Treatment: Liberalism often emphasizes equal treatment and protection of human rights for all individuals, regardless of their sexual orientation or other characteristics.
• Balancing Rights: It involves finding a balance between respecting individual beliefs and ensuring that no one is discriminated against or denied their rights based on factors such as sexual orientation.

4. Legal Protections:

• Anti-Discrimination Laws: In liberal societies, there are often legal protections in place to prevent discrimination based on sexual orientation. These laws aim to ensure equal treatment for all citizens.

5. Education and Awareness:

• Promoting Understanding: Liberal values include a commitment to education and raising awareness. This involves fostering understanding and empathy for diverse perspectives through educational initiatives and open discussions.

6. Civic Engagement:

• Participation in Democracy: Liberal democracies encourage civic engagement and participation in democratic processes. Individuals are free to express their views and participate in discussions that shape public policy.

7. Building Bridges:

• Finding Common Ground: Liberals often seek common ground and shared values as a basis for cooperation and understanding. It's about building bridges even when there are differences.

8. Challenging Discrimination:

• Opposing Discrimination: Liberal values often involve actively opposing discrimination and advocating for equal rights. This includes challenging discriminatory attitudes and practices.

9. Personal Boundaries:

• Setting Boundaries: While respecting diverse views, there are limits to what can be considered acceptable, especially if certain beliefs lead to actions that harm others or violate their rights.

It's essential to approach discussions about differing views on homosexuality with empathy, recognizing that individuals come from diverse backgrounds and experiences. Balancing the respect for individual beliefs with the promotion of equality and human rights is a complex challenge, but it's a process that liberal societies continually engage in to create inclusive and tolerant communities. Open dialogue and mutual understanding play key roles in this ongoing process.

Source: Some or all of the content was generated using an AI language model

FYI - How long does a coffin last once buried?

The longevity of a coffin once buried can vary significantly based on multiple factors including the material of the coffin, the conditions of the burial site, and the environmental factors at play. Below, we will explore these variables in detail to understand how long a coffin might last underground.

Material of the Coffin

1. Wooden Coffins:

   • Softwood: Coffins made from softwoods such as pine tend to decompose faster than hardwood coffins. Depending on soil conditions, softwood coffins might start to break down within 5-10 years.
   • Hardwood: Hardwoods like oak or mahogany are more durable and can last longer. In ideal conditions, a hardwood coffin could last 10-25 years before significant decomposition occurs.
   • Laminate and Veneer: These materials might offer a little more durability than softwood but are generally not as long-lasting as solid hardwood coffins.

2. Metal Coffins:

   • Steel: Steel coffins are designed to last significantly longer than wooden ones. Depending on the type of steel and environmental conditions, a steel coffin might remain intact for 50 years or more. Higher-gauge (thicker) steel coffins last longer than lower-gauge ones.
   • Copper and Bronze: Coffins made from copper or bronze are highly durable and resistant to corrosion. These can last even longer than steel coffins, potentially several hundred years, as they corrode very slowly.

Conditions of the Burial Site

1. Soil Composition:

   • Acidic Soil: Highly acidic soils accelerate the decomposition process of wooden coffins and can also corrode metal coffins more quickly. Softwoods in acidic soil may decompose within a few years, while hardwoods might last a decade or two.
   • Alkaline Soil: Alkaline soils are less aggressive and tend to preserve coffins better. Wooden coffins in alkaline soil can last longer, potentially 20-30 years for hardwoods.
   • Clay Soil: Dense clay soils can protect coffins by limiting exposure to oxygen and microbial activity, which can slow down decomposition. However, they can also retain moisture, which can speed up the decomposition of wooden coffins.
   • Sandy Soil: Sandy soils, which are well-drained, can also preserve coffins better than other soil types by reducing moisture contact.

2. Moisture Levels:

   • High Moisture: Waterlogged or highly moist environments accelerate the decomposition of wooden coffins. The constant presence of water can lead to wood rot and quicker breakdown of the coffin structure.
   • Dry Conditions: Drier environments can slow down decomposition, allowing wooden coffins to last longer. Metal coffins, in particular, benefit from drier conditions as there is less potential for rust and corrosion.

Environmental Factors

1. Temperature:

   • Cold Climates: In consistently cold climates, microbial activity is reduced, which slows down the decomposition process. This can extend the lifespan of both wooden and metal coffins.
   • Warm Climates: Warmer temperatures accelerate microbial activity and the decomposition process. In hot climates, wooden coffins may decompose more rapidly, while metal coffins may still remain intact for longer periods.

2. Burial Depth:

   • Shallower Graves: Coffins buried at shallower depths are more exposed to temperature fluctuations and groundwater, which can accelerate decomposition.
   • Deeper Graves: Deeper burial can offer more stable conditions, potentially slowing down the decomposition process by maintaining a more consistent temperature and reducing exposure to oxygen and microorganisms.

Embalming and Sealing

1. Embalming:

   • Embalming the body can slow the decomposition process, which in turn can help the coffin last longer. Embalming chemicals can preserve the body for a longer time, reducing the overall moisture and microbial activity inside the coffin.

2. Sealed Coffins:

   • Gasketed Coffins: Metal coffins often come with a gasket seal designed to prevent water and soil from entering the coffin, which can significantly extend its lifespan.
   • Non-Gasketed Coffins: Without a seal, metal coffins are more susceptible to environmental factors, leading to faster decomposition.

The longevity of a coffin once buried depends on a complex interplay of material, environmental conditions, soil composition, moisture levels, and other factors. Wooden coffins, particularly those made from softwood, may begin to decompose within 5-10 years in unfavourable conditions, while hardwood coffins can last longer, up to 20-30 years in ideal conditions. Metal coffins, especially those made from copper or bronze, can endure for several decades to centuries, depending on the burial environment. Understanding these factors helps provide a clearer picture of what to expect regarding the durability of a buried coffin.

Source: Some or all of the content was generated using an AI language model

Return to Ashbrook - Chapter Three: The Road Back

By morning, I’d convinced myself I was losing my mind. Sleep deprivation, stress, maybe some kind of breakdown. That’s what I told myself as I packed a bag, tossed it into the trunk, and got behind the wheel.

But the truth is, I didn’t even argue with the thought of going back. Something inside me had already decided.

The highway stretched out like a scar, cracked and overgrown, the trees pressing closer the farther I went. With every mile, the air grew heavier, thick with the smell of damp earth and sulphur. My chest tightened, like I was driving into a storm that wasn’t on the weather map.

At mile marker seventy-two, my phone lit up again.

“Closer.”

I dropped it onto the passenger seat and kept driving.

The Ashbrook sign came into view around dusk, looming out of the mist: WELCOME TO ASHBROOK. Population— The number had been scraped off, the metal scarred. For the briefest moment, I thought about turning around. But when I looked in the rearview mirror, the road behind me was gone. Not covered in fog—not just dark. Gone.

The hum began again. Not distant this time. It came from the dashboard, the frame of the car, from inside my skull. I gripped the wheel so tight my knuckles cracked, but I didn’t slow down.

When I rolled onto Main Street, the fog was already settling, coiling through the air like smoke. The buildings were just as I’d left them days before—rotting, silent, wrong.

And then, I saw movement.

A figure was standing at the end of the street, just beyond the circle of my headlights. Tall, thin, head cocked unnaturally to one side. I slammed the brakes, but the figure didn’t flinch.

My headlights flickered. For half a second, the thing was gone—replaced by something closer, inside the beam. When the lights steadied, I realised it wasn’t one figure. It was many. A line of them, stretching down the street, waiting for me.

And I recognised them.

Faces from the square. Neighbours. Classmates. My parents.

All smiling. All watching.

My phone buzzed on the seat beside me. The screen glowed with one final message:

“Now you never leave.”

Source: Some or all of the content was generated using an AI language model

R.I.P. Ace Frehley (1951 - 2025)

Ace Frehley, who played lead guitar as a founding member of the face-painted, blood-spewing, fire-breathing hard-rock band Kiss, died Thursday in Morristown, N.J. He was 74.

Ace Frehley, born Paul Daniel Frehley on April 27, 1951, in the Bronx, New York, was an American musician best known as the original lead guitarist and co-founder of the legendary rock band KISS. Known to fans as “The Spaceman” or “Space Ace,” Frehley’s distinctive style, flashy persona, and innovative guitar work helped define the band’s sound and image during the 1970s, contributing significantly to their worldwide success.

Frehley grew up in a working-class family and was exposed to rock and roll at an early age, inspired by guitarists like Jimi Hendrix, Eric Clapton, and Jeff Beck. He received his first electric guitar at age 13 and quickly became obsessed with mastering it. Although he was a talented artist and nearly pursued a career in graphic design, his passion for music took precedence. By the early 1970s, he was playing in several local bands, honing his skills in the New York rock scene.

In 1972, Frehley answered a newspaper ad placed by bassist Gene Simmons and rhythm guitarist Paul Stanley, who were looking for a lead guitarist for their new project. After impressing them with his raw talent and offbeat personality, Frehley joined the group, which would soon become KISS. Adopting his “Spaceman” persona—complete with silver makeup, platform boots, and cosmic stage outfits—Frehley became a cornerstone of the band’s theatrical identity.

Musically, Frehley’s guitar work was a crucial part of KISS’s success. His fiery solos, melodic phrasing, and use of effects like delay and distortion gave songs such as “Shock Me,” “Detroit Rock City,” and “Cold Gin” their distinctive sound. His inventive use of a smoking, rocket-launching guitar during live performances became one of KISS’s most iconic stage gimmicks. In 1978, when each KISS member released a self-titled solo album, Frehley’s was the most successful, spawning the hit single “New York Groove,” which reached the Top 20 on the Billboard charts.

Despite his contributions, Frehley’s relationship with KISS became strained over time due to creative differences and his struggles with substance abuse. He left the band in 1982, following the release of Creatures of the Night. Over the next decade, he led his own band, Frehley’s Comet, and released several solo albums that showcased his hard-rock roots and guitar prowess.

Frehley rejoined KISS in 1996 for their highly successful reunion tour, which featured the band’s original lineup in full makeup for the first time in years. However, tensions resurfaced, and he departed again in the early 2000s. In the years since, Frehley had continued to perform and record as a solo artist, earning respect as both a rock icon and a survivor of the turbulent music industry.

Ace Frehley remains one of rock’s most influential guitarists, celebrated for his unique tone, showmanship, and enduring influence on generations of musicians. His blend of technical skill and larger-than-life personality secured his place as a true legend of hard rock and heavy metal.

Source: Some or all of the content was generated using an AI language model

What are the tricks that everyone should know?

Life is full of challenges, and having a few tricks up your sleeve can make things a bit easier or more enjoyable. Here are some useful tricks that everyone should know:

1. Time Management:

• Pomodoro Technique: Work in focused intervals (e.g., 25 minutes) followed by a short break. Repeat for enhanced productivity.

2. Efficient Packing:

• Roll Clothes When Packing: Rolling clothes instead of folding can save space in your suitcase and minimize wrinkles.

3. Memory Improvement:

• Mnemonics: Use mnemonic devices to remember information. Create acronyms or rhymes to recall lists or sequences.

4. Kitchen Hacks:

• Chop Herbs with a Pizza Cutter: Easily and quickly chop herbs by rolling a pizza cutter through them on a cutting board.

5. Financial Planning:

• The 50/30/20 Rule: Allocate 50% of income to needs, 30% to wants, and 20% to savings.

6. Health and Wellness:

• Drinking Water in the Morning: Start your day with a glass of water to kickstart your metabolism and stay hydrated.

7. Technology Tips:

• Keyboard Shortcuts: Learn essential keyboard shortcuts for your computer or smartphone to boost efficiency.

8. Learning Languages:

• Flashcard Apps: Use language-learning apps with spaced repetition to memorize vocabulary effectively.

9. Productivity:

• Eisenhower Box: Prioritize tasks by urgency and importance using the Eisenhower Box (Quadrant Method).

Remember, life is a continuous learning experience, and adopting new tricks and techniques can contribute to your personal growth and efficiency in various aspects of life. These tips cover a range of areas, from productivity and health to practical skills, and can be tailored to fit individual preferences and needs.

 

Source: Some or all of the content was generated using an AI language model

FYI - If You Show Any of These Symptoms, You Need to Visit an Eye Doctor

 

Regular eye check-ups are essential for maintaining good eye health and catching potential issues early. While the list of symptoms below may indicate a need for a visit to an eye doctor, it's crucial to remember that routine eye examinations, even without noticeable symptoms, are recommended. Here are symptoms that should prompt a visit to an eye doctor:

1. Changes in Vision:

• Blurred Vision: Sudden or gradual blurring of vision may indicate refractive errors or other underlying issues.
• Double Vision: Seeing double images may result from eye muscle problems, cataracts, or other conditions.
• Distorted Vision: Wavy or distorted vision could be a sign of macular degeneration or other retinal issues.

2. Eye Pain or Discomfort:

• Eye Pain: Persistent or severe eye pain can indicate various conditions, including infections, glaucoma, or corneal issues.
• Headaches: Chronic headaches, especially associated with eye pain, might be related to vision problems.

3. Redness or Irritation:

• Red Eyes: Persistent redness may result from allergies, infections, or other eye conditions.
• Itching or Burning: These symptoms can be signs of allergies, dry eye syndrome, or other issues.

4. Sensitivity to Light:

• Photophobia: Unexplained sensitivity to light may be associated with various eye conditions, including infections or inflammation.

5. Floaters and Flashes:

• Floaters: Sudden appearance or an increase in floaters (small specks or cobweb-like shapes) could indicate a retinal tear or detachment.
• Flashes of Light: Seeing flashes of light, especially in peripheral vision, may be a sign of a retinal issue.

6. Changes in Colour Vision:

• Colour Blindness: Sudden changes in colour perception or difficulty distinguishing between certain colours should be evaluated.

7. Dry Eyes:

• Persistent Dryness: Chronic dry eyes may indicate an underlying issue and can lead to discomfort and vision problems.

8. Difficulty Focusing:

• Trouble Adjusting to Light Changes: Difficulty adjusting to changes in light levels could be a sign of various eye conditions.
• Difficulty Reading or Seeing Up Close: This may indicate presbyopia or other refractive errors.

9. Changes in the Appearance of the Eyes:

• Crossed Eyes (Strabismus): Persistent misalignment of the eyes can affect vision and depth perception.
• Uneven Pupils: Unequal pupil size may be a sign of neurological or eye issues.

10. Gradual or Sudden Vision Loss:

• Gradual Vision Loss: A slow decline in vision may be related to conditions such as cataracts or macular degeneration.
• Sudden Vision Loss: Immediate loss of vision requires urgent attention and could be a sign of conditions like retinal detachment or vascular issues.

11. Family History of Eye Diseases:

• Family Eye Conditions: If there's a family history of glaucoma, macular degeneration, or other eye diseases, regular eye check-ups are crucial.

12. Systemic Health Conditions:

• Diabetes: Individuals with diabetes are at risk of diabetic retinopathy, making regular eye exams vital.
• Hypertension: High blood pressure can affect the blood vessels in the eyes, leading to vision problems.

Conclusion:

Any persistent or sudden changes in your vision or eye health should prompt a visit to an eye doctor. Even if you're not experiencing noticeable symptoms, routine eye examinations are essential for maintaining overall eye health and catching potential issues early. Regular eye check-ups become increasingly important with age and if you have a family history of eye diseases or other health conditions. If you notice any concerning symptoms related to your eyes, seeking professional evaluation and care is crucial for maintaining optimal vision and preventing potential complications.

Source: Some or all of the content was generated using an AI language model

The Best Temperatures to Set Everything in Your Home

Setting appropriate temperatures for various elements in your home is crucial for comfort, energy efficiency, and optimal functionality of appliances. The ideal temperatures can vary based on personal preferences, climate, and the season. Here's a general guide to help you set temperatures for different aspects of your home:

1. Room Temperature:

• Ideal Temperature: Around 68-72°F (20-22°C)
• Considerations: Adjust based on personal comfort and the season. During winter, you might lean towards the warmer end, and during summer, towards the cooler end.

2. Thermostat Settings:

• Heating: Set your thermostat to around 68°F (20°C) when you're home and awake. Lower it when you're asleep or away.
• Cooling: Aim for around 78°F (26°C) when you're home, and increase it when you're away or sleeping.
• Considerations: Programmable thermostats can automatically adjust temperatures based on your schedule, optimizing energy efficiency.

3. Bedroom Temperature:

• Ideal Temperature: Similar to room temperature, around 60-67°F (15-19°C).
• Considerations: Personal preferences may vary, so adjust to what feels comfortable for restful sleep.

4. Refrigerator Temperature:

• Ideal Temperature: Keep the refrigerator between 35-38°F (2-3°C).
• Considerations: Storing perishable foods at these temperatures helps prevent spoilage.

5. Freezer Temperature:

• Ideal Temperature: Set the freezer at 0°F (-18°C).
• Considerations: Maintaining this temperature ensures the safe storage of frozen foods.

6. Water Heater:

• Ideal Temperature: Set the water heater to around 120°F (49°C).
• Considerations: This temperature helps prevent scalding and supports energy efficiency.

7. Laundry:

• Washing Machine: Use warm or cold water for washing clothes. Hot water is only necessary for heavily soiled items.
• Dryer: Dry clothes at a medium to low temperature to save energy and prevent damage.
• Considerations: Using cold water in the washing machine and air-drying clothes when possible can contribute to energy savings.

8. Oven and Stove:

• Oven: Preheat to the desired temperature, usually between 350-450°F (175-230°C). Reduce the temperature as needed during cooking.
• Stovetop: Adjust burner settings based on the type of cooking. Simmer on low, cook on medium, and use high heat for boiling.
• Considerations: Preheating the oven only when necessary can save energy.

9. Air Conditioning:

• Ideal Temperature: Set the air conditioner to 78°F (26°C) or higher for energy efficiency.
• Considerations: Using fans and keeping windows shaded can complement air conditioning, reducing the need for lower temperatures.

10. Humidity Levels:

• Ideal Humidity: Maintain indoor humidity levels between 30-50%.
• Considerations: Dehumidifiers can help during humid seasons, and humidifiers can add moisture in dry conditions.

11. Computer and Electronics:

• Ideal Temperature: Keep electronics in a cool environment, ideally between 68-72°F (20-22°C).
• Considerations: Avoid exposing electronics to extreme temperatures, as it can affect performance and lifespan.

12. Houseplants:

• Ideal Temperature: Most houseplants thrive in temperatures between 65-75°F (18-24°C).
• Considerations: Be mindful of specific temperature preferences for individual plant species.

13. Garage:

• Ideal Temperature: If the garage is used for storage, consider maintaining a temperature similar to room temperature to protect stored items.
• Considerations: Insulating the garage can help regulate temperature.

14. Attic and Crawl Spaces:

• Ideal Temperature: Ventilate attics and crawl spaces to prevent extreme temperatures.
• Considerations: Insulating these areas can help regulate temperature and improve energy efficiency.

Conclusion:

Optimizing temperatures in your home involves finding a balance between comfort, energy efficiency, and the specific needs of appliances and systems. Regular maintenance of HVAC systems, proper insulation, and adjusting settings based on the season contribute to a comfortable and energy-efficient home environment. Additionally, considering personal preferences and habits allows you to tailor these temperature recommendations to suit your lifestyle.

Source: Some or all of the content was generated using an AI language model

Return to Ashbrook - Chapter Two: The Call

I didn’t sleep the night after I fled Ashbrook. Every time I closed my eyes, I saw their faces again—my parents’ faces—locked in that monstrous grin, their eyes reflecting something vast and endless. I stayed awake until dawn, but even then, the house didn’t feel safe.

By the second night, the dreams returned. At first, it was the old streets, quiet and grey. Then the sound began—the hum, low and unrelenting, vibrating in my chest even though I was asleep. In the dream, I walked toward the town square, and every step brought me closer to that circle of faces. They whispered in unison, over and over, “You came back. You came back. You came back.”

When I woke, my phone was buzzing. A message had been sent to me—no number, just Unknown:

“We are waiting.”

I dropped the phone, heart hammering, but it buzzed again. Another message.

“You belong here.”

I tried to tell myself it was some cruel prank, but deep down, I knew the truth. Ashbrook wasn’t done with me.

By the third day, the pull became unbearable. Every sound—the wind in the trees, the hum of the fridge—morphed into that same vibration I remembered from childhood. My chest ached with it. I thought if I ignored it, it might fade. But the harder I tried to push Ashbrook from my mind, the louder it became.

That night, I noticed something outside my window. At first, I thought it was the shadow of a tree. But then it moved. A figure, tall and thin, standing motionless beneath the streetlamp.

I pulled back the curtain, but when I blinked, it was gone.

My phone buzzed again. Same unknown number.

“Stop running. Come home.”

I should have smashed the phone right there. Instead, I stared at the glowing screen until my reflection blurred into the words.

And then I whispered aloud, though I didn’t mean to:

“I’ll return.”

The hum stopped instantly. The silence that followed was worse. It felt like the entire world was holding its breath, waiting for me to keep my promise.

Source: Some or all of the content was generated using an AI language model

FYI - Middle age

Middle age is a life stage that encompasses a broad range of experiences, challenges, and personal growth. While there isn't a universally agreed-upon definition of the exact age range for middle age, it is generally considered to span from approximately 40 to 65 years old. This phase represents a transitional period between early adulthood and later life, marked by physical changes, career shifts, evolving family dynamics, and a reevaluation of personal goals and priorities.

Age Range and Cultural Variations:

Defining middle age by a specific age range can be somewhat arbitrary, as individuals age differently based on factors such as genetics, lifestyle, and overall health. In Western societies, the age range for middle age is commonly considered to start around the age of 40, coinciding with the onset of various physical and psychological changes. However, cultural perspectives on middle age can vary, and in some societies, it might be perceived differently.

Physical Changes and Health Considerations:

One of the defining features of middle age is the onset of various physical changes. Around this time, individuals may notice changes in metabolism, muscle mass, and bone density. For many, maintaining a healthy lifestyle becomes increasingly important to mitigate the effects of aging. Regular exercise, a balanced diet, and preventive healthcare measures become key components of maintaining overall well-being.

Common health considerations during middle age include the risk of chronic conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis. Regular health check-ups, screenings, and a proactive approach to healthcare become integral to addressing potential health issues early on.

Career and Financial Considerations:

Middle age often coincides with a critical phase in one's career. Individuals may have established themselves in their professions and may be reaching the peak of their earning potential. At the same time, they might reassess their career goals and consider making changes or pursuing new opportunities.

This period may also involve planning for retirement, managing investments, and ensuring financial stability for the future. Individuals often grapple with decisions related to savings, investments, and long-term financial planning during middle age.

Family Dynamics and Relationships:

Middle age is a time when family dynamics undergo significant changes. Many individuals in this stage are navigating the challenges of raising children, supporting aging parents, or becoming grandparents. The "empty nest" phenomenon, where children leave home for college or to start their own lives, is a common experience during this period.

Relationships with a spouse or partner may also undergo transformation. Couples may find themselves reevaluating their priorities, nurturing their connection, and navigating the changes that come with evolving life stages.

Identity and Self-Reflection:

Middle age often prompts individuals to engage in deep self-reflection. Questions about life purpose, personal fulfillment, and overall life satisfaction become more prominent. It's a time when people may reassess their values, goals, and aspirations, leading to a potential shift in priorities.

This self-reflective phase can lead to a sense of rejuvenation and a renewed focus on personal growth. Some individuals might decide to pursue new interests, hobbies, or educational opportunities during middle age.

Psychological and Emotional Well-Being:

The psychological and emotional aspects of middle age can vary widely. Some individuals experience a sense of accomplishment, satisfaction, and wisdom gained from life experiences. Others may grapple with feelings of discontent or the so-called "midlife crisis," characterized by a desire for significant life changes.

Mental health considerations become increasingly important during middle age. Issues such as stress, anxiety, and depression may arise, and seeking support through therapy or counseling can be beneficial for mental well-being.

Navigating Transitions:

Middle age is a period of significant transitions. Whether it's adjusting to changing family structures, redefining career paths, or addressing health concerns, individuals in this stage must navigate multiple life changes simultaneously. Resilience, adaptability, and a positive mindset can play crucial roles in successfully navigating these transitions.

Community and Social Connections:

Maintaining social connections becomes pivotal during middle age. Friendships, community involvement, and a sense of belonging contribute to emotional well-being. Social networks provide support and camaraderie, making the challenges of middle age more manageable.

Cultural and Gender Perspectives:

Cultural and gender perspectives can influence the experience of middle age. Societal expectations, cultural norms, and gender roles may shape the choices and challenges faced by individuals during this life stage. The experience of middle age can differ significantly based on cultural backgrounds, societal expectations, and gender dynamics.

Conclusion:

Middle age is a dynamic and multifaceted life stage that involves navigating various physical, emotional, and social changes. While the age range for middle age is often defined loosely, it represents a critical period of reflection, growth, and adaptation. Individuals in middle age face a myriad of choices and transitions, from career adjustments and family dynamics to considerations of health and well-being.

Approaching middle age with a sense of self-awareness, resilience, and a willingness to embrace change can lead to a fulfilling and purposeful life stage. Recognizing the diversity of experiences within this age range underscores the importance of individualized approaches to health, relationships, and personal development during this transformative period.

Source: Some or all of the content was generated using an AI language model

Q & A: Two way mirrors

 

Q: If one-way mirrors exist, can other materials be one way see through?

A: Yes, the concept of two-way mirrors, also known as one-way mirrors, is based on the principle of differential light levels. While the term "one-way mirror" might be a bit of a misnomer (as the mirror is not truly one-way but rather dependent on lighting conditions), the idea is that the side with brighter light appears as a mirror, while the darker side allows observation.

Several materials and technologies can achieve similar effects, creating surfaces that are transparent from one side and reflective from the other. Some examples include:

1. Privacy Glass or Smart Glass: Privacy glass, also known as smart glass or switchable glass, can change its transparency based on an applied electrical current. When the current is on, the glass becomes opaque, acting as a screen or a mirror. When the current is off, the glass becomes transparent, allowing visibility through it.

2. Electrochromic Glass: Similar to privacy glass, electrochromic glass can change its transparency in response to an electric voltage. By controlling the voltage, the glass can transition between transparent and opaque states, providing privacy or acting as a reflective surface.

3. Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC) Film: PDLC film consists of liquid crystals dispersed in a polymer matrix. When an electric field is applied, the liquid crystals align, making the film transparent. Without an electric field, the liquid crystals scatter light, making the film opaque and reflective.

4. Reflective Films and Tinted Glass: Reflective films and tinted glass are commonly used for privacy in windows. These materials allow one-way visibility, especially during daylight hours when the outside is brighter than the inside. However, they are less effective at night or in low-light conditions.

5. One-Way Perforated Vinyl: Perforated vinyl is a material with tiny holes that allow one-way visibility. When viewed from one side, the surface appears as a graphic or image, while from the other side, people can see through the perforations.

6. Dielectric Mirror: Dielectric mirrors are specialized mirrors that reflect specific wavelengths of light while allowing others to pass through. By tuning the coating, these mirrors can be designed to reflect certain colours while remaining transparent to others.

These materials and technologies are used in various applications, including surveillance rooms, interrogation rooms, security booths, and architectural design where privacy and visibility control are important. It's important to note that the effectiveness of these materials often depends on lighting conditions and the angle of observation. In specific scenarios, these one-way see-through materials can provide privacy without completely blocking visibility.

Source: Some or all of the content was generated using an AI language model